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Unit 6: Latin American Revolutions and Unification

Instructional Videos

Targets

  • I can explain how Enlightenment ideas influenced Latin American colonies and revolutionaries to rebel against European control. 

  • I can describe the actions of revolutionary leaders and how they shaped Latin America's international relationships. 

  • I can explain how the Congress of Vienna lead to revolutions and calls for unification to fix issues left by the overthrow of Napoleon, especially in Italy and Germany. 

  • I can explain how Germany and Italy achieved unification. 

Unit Overview

The spirit of Revolution quickly spread across the world after the American Revolution. Inspired by the Enlightenment people in many countries rose up against their governmental oppressors. This trend particularly took hold in the colonized areas of Latin America. This unit explores the revolutions and revolutionaries that changed the Western Hemisphere. It also explores how this idea of revolution translated into a desire for the unification of German and Italian city states. 

Need to Know 

People 

  • Toussaint L'Overture

  • Simon Bolivar

  • Jose de San Martin

  • Miguel Hildalgo

  • Garibaldi

  • Cavour 

  • Victor Emmanuel

  • Otto von Bismarck 

  • Wilhelm I

Places

  • Latin America

  • Haiti

  • Bolivia

  • Chile 

  • Mexico

  • Italy

  • Germany

​

Events 

  • Haitian Revolution

  • Mexican Revolution

Ideas

  • Revolution

  • Unification

  • Regime Change

Miscellaneous

  • Homogeneity

NearPod Codes

Unification - RBPLT

Review Activities

From the State

Location of Latin America

  • Latin America is located in the Western Hemisphere, south of the United States. It includes Mexico, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean Islands.

Causes of revolutions in Latin America

  • Rigid social class system established by colonial powers

  • Centralized rule by colonial powers

  • Increase of nationalism

  • Increasingly educated creole middle class

  • Influence of the Enlightenment and the American and French Revolutions on Latin America

Contributions of Toussaint L’Ouverture

  • Former slave who led the Haitian rebellion against the French

  • Defeated the armies of three foreign powers (Spain, France, Britain)

  • Enslaved Haitians rebelled, abolished slavery, and won independence

Contributions of Simón Bolívar

  • Native resident who led revolutionary efforts

  • Liberated the northern areas of Latin America

Effects of Latin American revolutions

  • French, Spanish, and Portuguese colonies gained independence

  • Selected countries gained independence during the 1800s (Mexico, Haiti, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil)

Impact of the Monroe Doctrine

  • The Monroe Doctrine was issued by President James Monroe in 1823.

  • Latin American nations were acknowledged to be independent.

  • The United States would regard as a threat to its own peace and safety any attempt by European powers to impose their system on any independent state in the Western Hemisphere.

  • Newly independent Latin American nations had to assimilate European, African, and Native American cultures into one cohesive society.

Unification of Italy

  • Count Cavour unified northern Italy.

  • Giuseppe Garibaldi joined southern Italy to northern Italy.

  • The Papal States (including Rome) became the last to join Italy.

Unification of Germany

  • Otto von Bismarck led Prussia in the unification of Germany through war and by appealing to nationalist feelings.

  • Bismarck’s actions were seen as an example of Realpolitik, which justifies all means to achieve and hold power.

  • The Franco-Prussian War led to the creation of the German state.

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